Optimal. Leaf size=296 \[ \frac{\left (-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+2 \sqrt{a} \sqrt{c}+b\right ) \left (\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c} x^2\right ) \sqrt{\frac{a+b x^2+c x^4}{\left (\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c} x^2\right )^2}} F\left (2 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )|\frac{1}{4} \left (2-\frac{b}{\sqrt{a} \sqrt{c}}\right )\right )}{2 \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{c} \sqrt{a+b x^2+c x^4}}+\frac{2 \sqrt{c} x \sqrt{a+b x^2+c x^4}}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c} x^2}-\frac{2 \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{c} \left (\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c} x^2\right ) \sqrt{\frac{a+b x^2+c x^4}{\left (\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c} x^2\right )^2}} E\left (2 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )|\frac{1}{4} \left (2-\frac{b}{\sqrt{a} \sqrt{c}}\right )\right )}{\sqrt{a+b x^2+c x^4}} \]
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Rubi [A] time = 0.270245, antiderivative size = 296, normalized size of antiderivative = 1., number of steps used = 3, number of rules used = 3, integrand size = 39, \(\frac{\text{number of rules}}{\text{integrand size}}\) = 0.077 \[ \frac{\left (-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+2 \sqrt{a} \sqrt{c}+b\right ) \left (\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c} x^2\right ) \sqrt{\frac{a+b x^2+c x^4}{\left (\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c} x^2\right )^2}} F\left (2 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )|\frac{1}{4} \left (2-\frac{b}{\sqrt{a} \sqrt{c}}\right )\right )}{2 \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{c} \sqrt{a+b x^2+c x^4}}+\frac{2 \sqrt{c} x \sqrt{a+b x^2+c x^4}}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c} x^2}-\frac{2 \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{c} \left (\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c} x^2\right ) \sqrt{\frac{a+b x^2+c x^4}{\left (\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c} x^2\right )^2}} E\left (2 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )|\frac{1}{4} \left (2-\frac{b}{\sqrt{a} \sqrt{c}}\right )\right )}{\sqrt{a+b x^2+c x^4}} \]
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
[In] Int[(b - Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c] + 2*c*x^2)/Sqrt[a + b*x^2 + c*x^4],x]
[Out]
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Rubi in Sympy [A] time = 35.8378, size = 269, normalized size = 0.91 \[ - \frac{2 \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{c} \sqrt{\frac{a + b x^{2} + c x^{4}}{\left (\sqrt{a} + \sqrt{c} x^{2}\right )^{2}}} \left (\sqrt{a} + \sqrt{c} x^{2}\right ) E\left (2 \operatorname{atan}{\left (\frac{\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}} \right )}\middle | \frac{1}{2} - \frac{b}{4 \sqrt{a} \sqrt{c}}\right )}{\sqrt{a + b x^{2} + c x^{4}}} + \frac{2 \sqrt{c} x \sqrt{a + b x^{2} + c x^{4}}}{\sqrt{a} + \sqrt{c} x^{2}} + \frac{\sqrt{\frac{a + b x^{2} + c x^{4}}{\left (\sqrt{a} + \sqrt{c} x^{2}\right )^{2}}} \left (\sqrt{a} + \sqrt{c} x^{2}\right ) \left (2 \sqrt{a} \sqrt{c} + b - \sqrt{- 4 a c + b^{2}}\right ) F\left (2 \operatorname{atan}{\left (\frac{\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}} \right )}\middle | \frac{1}{2} - \frac{b}{4 \sqrt{a} \sqrt{c}}\right )}{2 \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{c} \sqrt{a + b x^{2} + c x^{4}}} \]
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In] rubi_integrate((2*c*x**2-(-4*a*c+b**2)**(1/2)+b)/(c*x**4+b*x**2+a)**(1/2),x)
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Mathematica [C] time = 0.367432, size = 187, normalized size = 0.63 \[ -\frac{2 i \sqrt{2} a \sqrt{\frac{c}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b}} \sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b+2 c x^2}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b}} \sqrt{\frac{2 c x^2}{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}+1} E\left (i \sinh ^{-1}\left (\sqrt{2} \sqrt{\frac{c}{b+\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}} x\right )|\frac{b+\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}\right )}{\sqrt{a+b x^2+c x^4}} \]
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
[In] Integrate[(b - Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c] + 2*c*x^2)/Sqrt[a + b*x^2 + c*x^4],x]
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Maple [A] time = 0.062, size = 515, normalized size = 1.7 \[ -{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{4}\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}}\sqrt{4-2\,{\frac{ \left ( -b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ){x}^{2}}{a}}}\sqrt{4+2\,{\frac{ \left ( b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ){x}^{2}}{a}}}{\it EllipticF} \left ({\frac{\sqrt{2}x}{2}\sqrt{{\frac{1}{a} \left ( -b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ) }}},{\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{-4+2\,{\frac{b \left ( b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ) }{ac}}}} \right ){\frac{1}{\sqrt{{\frac{1}{a} \left ( -b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ) }}}}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{c{x}^{4}+b{x}^{2}+a}}}}+{\frac{b\sqrt{2}}{4}\sqrt{4-2\,{\frac{ \left ( -b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ){x}^{2}}{a}}}\sqrt{4+2\,{\frac{ \left ( b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ){x}^{2}}{a}}}{\it EllipticF} \left ({\frac{\sqrt{2}x}{2}\sqrt{{\frac{1}{a} \left ( -b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ) }}},{\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{-4+2\,{\frac{b \left ( b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ) }{ac}}}} \right ){\frac{1}{\sqrt{{\frac{1}{a} \left ( -b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ) }}}}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{c{x}^{4}+b{x}^{2}+a}}}}-{ac\sqrt{2}\sqrt{4-2\,{\frac{ \left ( -b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ){x}^{2}}{a}}}\sqrt{4+2\,{\frac{ \left ( b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ){x}^{2}}{a}}} \left ({\it EllipticF} \left ({\frac{\sqrt{2}x}{2}\sqrt{{\frac{1}{a} \left ( -b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ) }}},{\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{-4+2\,{\frac{b \left ( b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ) }{ac}}}} \right ) -{\it EllipticE} \left ({\frac{\sqrt{2}x}{2}\sqrt{{\frac{1}{a} \left ( -b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ) }}},{\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{-4+2\,{\frac{b \left ( b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ) }{ac}}}} \right ) \right ){\frac{1}{\sqrt{{\frac{1}{a} \left ( -b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ) }}}}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{c{x}^{4}+b{x}^{2}+a}}} \left ( b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ) ^{-1}} \]
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In] int((2*c*x^2-(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2)+b)/(c*x^4+b*x^2+a)^(1/2),x)
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Maxima [F] time = 0., size = 0, normalized size = 0. \[ \int \frac{2 \, c x^{2} + b - \sqrt{b^{2} - 4 \, a c}}{\sqrt{c x^{4} + b x^{2} + a}}\,{d x} \]
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In] integrate((2*c*x^2 + b - sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c))/sqrt(c*x^4 + b*x^2 + a),x, algorithm="maxima")
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Fricas [F] time = 0., size = 0, normalized size = 0. \[{\rm integral}\left (\frac{2 \, c x^{2} + b - \sqrt{b^{2} - 4 \, a c}}{\sqrt{c x^{4} + b x^{2} + a}}, x\right ) \]
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In] integrate((2*c*x^2 + b - sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c))/sqrt(c*x^4 + b*x^2 + a),x, algorithm="fricas")
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Sympy [F] time = 0., size = 0, normalized size = 0. \[ \int \frac{b + 2 c x^{2} - \sqrt{- 4 a c + b^{2}}}{\sqrt{a + b x^{2} + c x^{4}}}\, dx \]
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In] integrate((2*c*x**2-(-4*a*c+b**2)**(1/2)+b)/(c*x**4+b*x**2+a)**(1/2),x)
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GIAC/XCAS [F(-2)] time = 0., size = 0, normalized size = 0. \[ \text{Exception raised: TypeError} \]
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In] integrate((2*c*x^2 + b - sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c))/sqrt(c*x^4 + b*x^2 + a),x, algorithm="giac")
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